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Mozambique cannot afford to fear urbanisation

Cities are growing faster than the government can build them, but slowing rural migration is not the answer

Maputo City. Photo: Tom Bowker / Zitamar News

Good morning and welcome to the newsletter for Friday 17 July 2026.

At last week’s UN High-Level Political Forum in New York, Mozambique’s finance minister Carla Louveira said rapid population growth and urbanisation are placing increasing pressure on Mozambique's public finances. Schools, hospitals, housing and transport are struggling to keep pace with expanding cities, while the countryside is losing young people who once sustained agricultural production.

The plain facts are undeniable. The country's population is growing by almost a million people a year, while economic growth has stalled and public finances remain under severe strain. Every new suburb requires roads, electricity, water, schools and health centres that the state struggles to finance.

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But it is a reality that Mozambique has to face up to. People leave villages because cities offer better prospects. The minimum wage for a security guard in Maputo is MZN8,000 a month. Some smallholder farmers earn as little as MZN1,200. As long as that gap persists, migration will continue regardless of official policy.

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